REVIEWSAn encyclopedic survey of homosexuality in Western and non-Western civilizations. Crompton's writing is lively, vivid and refreshing—a pleasure to read. Anyone interested in looking at homosexuality from a comparative and historical point of view will want to own this book.
-- David Greenberg, author of The Construction of Homosexuality
A minor masterpiece. Each chapter is a small work of art in itself. Crompton's discussion of Sapphic love is the best general treatment of lesbian suffering that I have seen. Though passionate, Homosexuality and Civilization is articulate, balanced, and theoretically sound—accessible to beginners and informative for specialists as well.
-- William A. Percy, co-editor of Encyclopedia of Homosexuality
A master work of interpretive scholarship. Before this exhaustive and exhilarating study, a long shelf of books considered the intersection of homosexuality and civilization. Now there is one that does it all. Crompton's lifetime of academic gay activism powers this erudite, entertaining distillation of same-sex politics, practices, and passions across centuries and through cultures. He was born to write this book; generations yet unborn will draw knowledge and strength from it.
-- Richard Labonte, Q Syndicate columnist and former General Manager, A Different Light bookstores
A one-of-a-kind, page-turning tour through gay history—one of the richest reading experiences in recent memory. This magnificent book educates us, startles us, and, by turns, reassures us as it traces the widespread cultural wellsprings of the changing forces of homosexuality. Crompton has crafted an utterly thrilling tour de force that succeeds in reinventing what we know about gay life across cultures and ages. This impressively detailed, eminently illuminating, and thoroughly enjoyable book should be on every gay person's—and every thinking person's—must-read list.
-- David Rosen, Editor-in-Chief, InsightOutBooks
A treasure trove of compelling information. This marvelous book, covering not simply the Western tradition but China and Japan as well, is sure to become fundamental reading in gay and lesbian studies. Crompton dazzles the reader with his exhaustive research and incisive analyses. Not since the work of the late John Boswell has a scholar brought such a brilliant light to bear on earlier evidence of same-sex affections.
-- Karla Jay, author of Tales of the Lavender Menace
In [Homosexuality and Civilization], impressive for its breadth and readability, an early pioneer of gay and lesbian studies attempts the Herculean task of chronicling the history of homosexuality in Europe and parts of Asia from Homer to the 18th century. In a series of short vignettes, Crompton…relates the 'rich and terrible' stories of men and women who have been immortalized, celebrated, shunned or executed for the special attention they paid to members of their own sex. Two chapters on China and Japan are a welcome addition to the usual Eurocentric focus.
-- Publishers Weekly
Brilliantly researched… Crompton, drawing on his immense erudition, contrasts Christianity and its barbaric cruelty toward same-sex love with more benign traditions in Moorish Spain… [He] also discusses the cult of romantic homosexuality in traditional Japan, where relationships of intense loyalty and idealism sprang up between the samurai and their pages.
-- Edmund White Los Angeles Times
In Louis Crompton's sober, searching and somber new history, Homosexuality and Civilization, homosexuality is associated with the inner workings of civilization itself… It begins in the gladness of early Greece, where homosexuality had an 'honored place' for more than a millennium, and concludes with the madness of 19th-century Europe. In between is what Mr. Crompton calls a 'kaleidoscope of horrors' lasting more than 1,500 years… This is a restrained, careful, clear book of scholarly exposition.
-- Edward Rothstein New York Times
Beginning where one would suspect—the ancient Greeks—Crompton puts a particular emphasis on Eastern social history in pursuing his narrative of the evolving place of homosexuality all the way to the Enlightenment. A key Crompton theme is that while much of Western civilization officially persecuted homosexuals throughout the ages, whatever the hypocrisy involved, in many Eastern cultures—including pre-modern China and samurai Japan—'the celebration of same-sex love rivaled that of ancient Greece.'
-- Toronto Star
Even after the explosion of literature on gay issues since the 1970s, comprehensive examinations of homosexuality in history have been few. An exception is Louis Crompton's new Homosexuality and Civilization, a sweeping account that was 18 years in the making. Crompton, a professor emeritus of English at the University of Nebraska, presents both a catalog of horrific abuse and persecution in the West and a surprising history of tolerance in some Eastern cultures, such as Japan, where homosexuality was 'an honored way of life among the country's religious and military leaders.'
-- Julian Sanchez Reason
Based on the best recent scholarship and providing an overview of homosexuality from the Greeks to the end of the 18th century, this levelheaded, easy-to-read volume confirms the fact that homosexuality has had a long history (with periods of greater or less tolerance)… The result is the best historical overview of the topic that this reviewer has read.
-- V. L. Bullough Choice
When Europeans first arrived in the Americas they found men engaged in erotic entanglements virtually on the quayside. They responded with the horror their religion had implanted in them, holding out their bibles and shouting 'Abomination! Devilry! Witchcraft!' The problem was they found the same thing almost everywhere they set foot in East Asia. China and Japan both looked on this kind of activity with a cool shrug of the shoulders. But as the Europeans' colonizing push gathered force, the hangings, disembowelment by mastiffs and burnings alive (especially popular) began to appear in these regions as well… This is a major work… It will be the first book future researchers in the topic turn to, and what they will find is a magisterial survey that delivers the fruits of a lifetime's study. Everything in the field is touched on and weighed in the balance.
-- Bradley Winterton Taipei Times
Crompton's book is truly the culmination of a lifetime's commitment… Writing a history of homosexuality is therefore a mission to remind the reader of millennia of oppression and resistance. For Crompton, the commonalities of that disparate history of homosexuality lie in two elements: the fact of common sexual practices, and the possibilities of human love and devotion that survived and contested all that history ('their' history) could throw at it. His history is, in part at least, a history of celebration.
-- Jeffrey Weeks Times Higher Education Supplement
At last, a comprehensive, scholarly investigation into homosexuality through the ages. In Homosexuality and Civilization, Louis Crompton discusses in elevated but readable fashion how gays and lesbians have affected the civilized world from ancient Greece to modern America, and been affected by it.
-- Louisville Letter
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
Preface
A Millennium of Greek Love
Homer’s Iliad
Crete, Sparta, Chalcis
Athletics and the Cult of Beauty
Sappho
Alcaeus, Ibycus, Anacreon
Theognis of Megara
Athens’ Rulers
The Tyrannicides
The Judgment of Leviticus
The Threat to Population
Sodom’s Gold
Who Were the Kedeshim?
Philo of Alexandria
The Talmud
Pindar’s Odes
Greek Tragedy
Phidias
The Comedies of Aristophanes
Plato’s Symposium
The Phaedrus and the Laws
Xenophon
Aristotle’s Dicta
Zeno and the Stoics
Aeschines’ Against Timarchus
The Sacred Band of Thebes
Philip and Alexander
Sexuality and Empire
Cicero and Roman Politics
Greek Love in the Aeneid
Meleager and Callimachus
Catullus and Tibullus
Theocritus and Corydon
Horace's Odes
Ovid’s Myths
Lesbianism
Petronius’ Satyricon
Suetonius and the Emperors
Statius, Martial, Juvenal
Hadrian and Antinous
The Gospels
Intertestamental Judaism and Paul
“Moses” and the Early Church
Greek Love in Late Antiquity
Plutarch’s Dialogue on Love
The Lucianic “Affairs of the Heart”
Two Romances and an Epic
Roman Law before Constantine
The Edicts of 342 and 390
Sodom Transformed
Saint John Chrysostom
The Persecutions of Justinian
The Fall of Rome
Visigothic Spain
Church Councils and Penitentials
The Carolingian Panic
Love in Arab Spain
The Growth of Canon Law
The Book of Gomorrah
The Fortunes of Ganymede
Scandal in High Places
The Theological Assault
The Inquisition and Its Allies
The Fate of the Templars
Secular Laws: The Sowing
The Harvest Begins
Poets for the Prosecution
Dante’s Admirable Sinners
A Peach, a Fish, and a Sleeve
The Han Emperors
Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism
Poets and Lovers
From Tang to Song
Ming China: The West Reacts
Feng Menglong’s Anatomy of Love
Fiction and Drama
The Qing Dynasty
The Peking Stage
A New Ethos and an Old
Repression in the Italian City States
Death in Venice, 1342-1590
Florence: The Price of Love, 1325-1542
Donatello, Botticelli, Leonardo
Michelangelo: Love, Art, and Guilt
Sodoma and Cellini
Rome and Caravaggio
The Spanish Inquisition
Subcultures in Valencia and Madrid
The Inquisition in Portugal
Spain and the New World
Outings, Protestant and Catholic
Calvinism and Repression
Henry III and the “Mignons”
The Poets’ Revolt
Louis XIII, “The Just”
Monsieur and Madame
Six Generals
Les Lesbiennes
Queen Christina
Silence and Denial
Monasteries and the Law
Elizabethan Literature
Christopher Marlowe
The Tragedy of Edward II
Shakespeare’s Sonnets
James VI and I
Francis Bacon
Puritanism and the Restoration
Between Women
William III in England
Europe Discovers Japan
The Buddhist Priesthood
Samurai and Shoguns
No Drama and Kabuki
A Debate and an Anthology
Saikaku’s Great Mirror
Tokugawa Finale
Policing Paris
“Reforming” Britain
Souls in Exile
Witch Hunt in the Netherlands
Law and Religion
Romance and Innuendo
A Nun and an Actress
An Ill-Fated Queen
Montesquieu and Beccaria
Frederick the Great
The Vagaries of Voltaire
Diderot and Sade
Toward Reform
Bentham vs. Blackstone
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
Acknowledgments
Illustration Credits
Index