Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Preface
Contents
Figures
Tables
Summary
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Chapter One: Introduction
Objectives
Theoretical Framework
Approach
Organization of This Report
Chapter Two: What Do We Know? Reviewing Existing Literature
The Intervention Decision: When Do Interventions Improve Outcomes?
The Timing Decision: Is It Better to Intervene Early or Late?
The Size Decision: Should the Intervention Be Small or Large?
Synthesis and Limitations
Data Set of Intervention and Nonintervention Cases
Exploring Outcomes by Intervention Timing and Size
Summary
Chapter Four: Lessons from Focused Case Studies
Methodology
Assessment and Insights
Implications and Conclusion
Chapter Five: Counterfactuals
Methodology
Summary of the Counterfactual Cases
Results
Implications
The Effect of Interventions on Outcomes
Recommendations
Appendix: A. List of Cases of Potential U.S. Intervention
References
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