Contents
List of figures
List of tables
List of contributors
Preface and acknowledgements
Glossary
Part I. Research Themes, Methods, and Background
1.2 Background and research context
1.3 Archaeology and desertification
1.4 Initial frameworks
1.5 New perspectives, new questions
1.6 Developing research themes
1.7 Integration
1.8 Conclusion and structure of this book
2.1 Landscape and environment
2.2 People
3.1 Fieldwork strategy and methodologies
3.2 Chronostratigraphies
3.3 The Late Quaternary geomorphological framework
3.4 Palynological, palynofacies, and macrofossil investigations
3.5 Geochemical studies
3.6 The industrially-polluted landscapes of the Wadi Faynan
3.7 Metal-pollution burdens and pathways in plants, animals, and the agricultural economy
3.8 Radon gas and human health in the mines
3.9 Holocene landscapes in the Wadi Faynan: an outline palaeoenvironmental framework
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Artefact ‘site’
4.3 Domestic structure
4.4 Excavation
4.5 Field system
4.6 Funerary structure
4.7 Hydraulic structure
4.8 Mining feature
4.9 Metallurgical feature
4.10 Miscellaneous structures
4.11 Religious structure
4.12 Rock engraving
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The field system survey
5.3 Constructing the GIS
5.4 Walls, channels, and hydraulic technology
5.5 Other water-management structures
5.6 Other structures
5.7 Surface artefact distributions
5.8 The palimpsest landscape
Part II. Chronological Syntheses
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Pleistocene climates
6.3 Geomorphological processes and deposits
6.4 Human occupation in the Pleistocene
6.5 The Pleistocene landscape and its human utilization
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Environments of the early to mid Holocene
7.3 Palaeoecology
7.4 Initial Neolithic settlement, c.9500–8500 BC
7.5 Later Pre-Pottery Neolithic settlement, c.8500–6500 BC
7.6 Later Neolithic settlement
7.7 Neolithic pictographs?
7.8 Conclusion
8.2 Climate and environment
8.3 Chalcolithic settlement in Wadi Faynan
8.4 Early Bronze Age ‘urbanism’
8.5 Bronze Age monument types in Wadi Faynan
8.6 The major settlement complex of WF100
8.7 Domestic, funerary, and hydraulic structures south of WF100
8.8 The WF24 water catchment: sediments and palynology
8.9 EBA settlement beside the Wadi Faynan channel
8.10 Pastoral settlement away from the Wadi Faynan channel
8.11 Metallurgical activity
8.12 Bronze Age pictographs?
8.13 The Bronze Age landscapes and societies of the Wadi Faynan
9.2 Edom and the ‘Edomites’
9.3 Copper mining and smelting
9.4 Iron Age settlement in Wadi Faynan
9.5 Evidence of environmental change
9.6 Dating issues
9.7 Ancient Edom and copper production in Wadi Faynan
9.8 Nabataean Faynan
9.9 Historical implications
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Roman copper exploitation in the Wadi ‘Arabah region
10.4 The Roman mining landscape around Faynan
10.5 Dating issues
10.6 The labour force at the mines
10.7 Environment and people: the impacts of Roman mining
10.8 The logistics of supply
10.9 Charcoal and fuel demands
10.10 A landscape of imperial power
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Climate, environment, and human impacts
11.3 Archaeology
11.4 Synthesis: life in an abandoned industrial landscape
12.2 The Bedouin Camp Survey
12.3 Campsite architecture
12.4 Campsite location
12.5 Tent orientation
12.6 Tribal associations
12.7 Durable campsite architecture
12.8 Contrasts in campsite organization and architecture
12.9 Artefacts and activities around tent sites
12.11 Other evidence of bedouin activity around the Wadi Faynan
12.12 Conclusion
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Desertification: research issues and analytical problems
13.3 Pleistocene environments and human occupation
13.4 People and environment in the Holocene: disaggregating desertification
13.5 Scale and complexity
13.7 Arid-zone archaeology
13.8 Conclusion
13.9 Postscript: the Wadi Faynan today and in the future
Summaries
English summary
Arabic summary
Appendices
Appendix 1. Published radiocarbon dates from the Faynan region | Chris Hunt, David Mattingly, Graeme Barker, and David Gilbertson
A2.2 Method
A2.3 Pottery classification
A2.4 Chronological summary
Bibliography
Index