Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Preface
Contents
Figure and Tables
Summary
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Chapter One: Colombia (1994–2010)
Conflict and Violence in Colombia
Explaining the Outbreak of Violence
The Illicit Economy, Crime, and Violence
State Failure and Weak Governance
What Was Done to Improve the Situation?
How Did It End Up?
Similarities and Differences Between Colombia and Mexico
Violence
Indiscriminate Mayhem or “Anomic Violence”
Traditional Threat/Insurgency
Lack of Economic Opportunities
Weapon Availability
Ungoverned Spaces
Lessons for Mexico
Chapter Two: Peru (1980–1992)
Conflict and Violence in Peru
Peru’s Informal Economy and the Coca Industry
Sendero Luminoso
Sendero’s Violence
The State and Peruvian Forces in the 1980s
The Fujimori Government
What Was Done to Improve the Situation?
Violence
Traditional Threat/Insurgency
Competition over a Resource
Patronage/Corruption
Lessons for Mexico
Chapter Three: The Balkans (1991–2010)
The Role of the Serb Volunteer Guard (“Arkan’s Tigers”)
Explaining the Outbreak of Violence
Illicit Economy, Crime, and Violence
Smuggling and Trafficking
State Failure and Weak Governance
What Was Done to Improve the Situation?
How Did It End Up?
Violence
Indiscriminate Mayhem or “Anomic Violence”
Ethnically Motivated Violence
Weapon Availability
State/Institutional Weakness
Lessons for Mexico
Chapter Four: West Africa (1990–2010)
Conflict and Violence in West Africa
Revolutionary United Front
West Side Boys
Explaining the Outbreak of Violence
Illicit Economy, Crime, and Violence
Smuggling and Trafficking
State Failure and Weak Governance
What Was Done to Improve the Situation?
How Did It End Up?
Similarities and Differences Between West Africa and Mexico
Indiscriminate Mayhem or “Anomic Violence”
Lack of Economic Opportunities
Competition over a Resource
Ungoverned Spaces
State/Institutional Weakness
Lessons for Mexico
Chapter Five: The Caucasus (1990–2012)
Conflict and Violence in the Caucasus
State Breakdown
Economic Failure
Replacing the State
Violence in the Caucasus
What Was Done to Improve the Situation?
Similarities and Differences Between the Caucasus and Mexico
Traditional Threat/Insurgency
Weapon Availability
Ungoverned Spaces
State/Institutional Weakness
Lessons for Mexico
Chapter Six: Somalia (1991–2010)
Conflict and Violence in Somalia
Explaining the Outbreak of Violence
Illicit Economy, Crime, and Violence
State Failure and Weak Governance
What Was Done to Improve the Situation?
Violence
Traditional Threat/Insurgency
Lack of Economic Opportunities
Ungoverned Spaces
Lessons for Mexico
Chapter Seven: Angola (1992–2010)
The Cult of Jonas Savimbi
Illicit Economy, Crime, and Violence
State Failure and Weak Governance
Corruption and Patronage Politics
What Was Done to Improve the Situation?
How Did It End Up?
Traditional Threat/Insurgency
Weapon Availability
State/Institutional Weakness
Lessons for Mexico
Chapter Eight: Burma (1988–2012)
Conflict and Violence in Burma
Funding, the Economy, and the Transformation of the Conflict
What Was Done to Improve the Situation?
How Did It End Up?
Violence
Lack of Economic Opportunities
Competition over a Resource
State/Institutional Weakness
Patronage/Corruption
Lessons for Mexico
Chapter Nine: Tajikistan (1992–2008)
Conflict and Violence in Tajikistan
Tajikistan’s Pre–Civil War Economy
The Rise of the Illicit Economy
A Possible Loss of Control
How Did It End Up?
Indiscriminate Mayhem or “Anomic Violence”
Lack of Economic Opportunities
Ungoverned Spaces
Patronage/Corruption
Lessons for Mexico
Chapter Ten: Afghanistan (2001–2013)
Conflict and Violence in Afghanistan
The Rise of the Illicit Economy
The Transformation of the Citizen-State Relationship
What Was Done to Improve the Situation?
Similarities and Differences Between Afghanistan and Mexico
Traditional Threat/Insurgency
Weapon Availability
Ungoverned Spaces
State/Institutional Weakness
Lessons for Mexico
References