There are no provisions for adoption in English common law, and adoption wasn't legally formalized in England and Wales until 1926. But a century earlier, untimely adoptions navigated the new exceptionalism of childhood in Romanticism. In Haphazard Families, Eric C. Walker explores the history of the adopted child in Romantic-era England. Taking up the stories of both fictional and historical adoptees, he demonstrates how these children, diminished to nonpersons, shouldered the burden of social constructs of nation, family, gender, and class. Walker further demonstrates how Rousseau’s infamous failure to follow his own ideals of parenthood shaped British reactions in famous texts such as Frankenstein and Emma. Incorporating perspectives from Romantic scholarship and critical adoption studies and examining the stories of adopted children associated with Queen Caroline, Anna Letitia Barbauld, Jane Austen, the Wordsworth siblings, Mary Shelley, Charles and Mary Lamb, Letitia Landon, and others, Haphazard Families considers how Romantic constructions of childhood supply foundational structures of modern adoptee subjectivity.

Eric C. Walker is Professor Emeritus of English at Florida State University, where he was department chair and a University Distinguished Teaching Professor. He is the author of Marriage, Writing, and Romanticism: Wordsworth and Austen after War, which won the South Atlantic Modern Language Association Book Award.

Introduction    Thérèse Levasseur’s Lost Children

Chapter 1        The Burden of Romantic Childhood

Chapter 2        National Children: The Madness of William Austin

Chapter 3        Natural Children: Jane Austen and Adoption

Chapter 4        Abandoned Children: Mary Shelley, Rousseau, and Frankenstein

Chapter 5        Unexplained Children: Basil Caroline Montagu and the Wordsworth Circle

Chapter 6        Found Children: Emma Isola and Charles and Mary Lamb

Conclusion      Untimely Adoption