The transformations and settled policies that made England a fortunate and peaceful country by 1509 are set forth in careful and patterned detail by J. R. Lander. The long disputes and wars that raged between Yorkists and Lancastrians —struggles that denied both noble houses the kingdom and laid open the path to Tudor hegemony—are described against a socio-economic and legal-administrative background of new dimensions. This much needed, comprehensive history of the era commonly known as “The War of the Roses” sustains a powerful new interpretation with great readability.