Preface
Punishment and Crime across Space and Time
Michael Tonry and David P. Farrington
Crime and Punishment in England and Wales, 1981–1999
David P. Farrington and Darrick Jolliffe
Crime and Punishment in Scotland, 1981–1999
David J. Smith
Crime and Punishment in the United States, 1981–1999
Patrick A. Langan
Crime and Punishment in the Netherlands, 1980–1999
Catrien C. J. H. Bijleveld and Paul R. Smit
Crime and Punishment in Switzerland, 1985–1999
Martin Killias, Philippe Lamon, and Marcelo F. Aebi
Crime and Punishment in Canada, 1981–1999
Brandon C. Welsh and Mark H. Irving
Crime and Punishment in Australia, 1980–2000
Carlos Carcach
Cross-National Patterns in Crime Rates
Philip J. Cook and Nataliya Khmilevska
Cross-National Measures of Punitiveness
Alfred Blumstein, Michael Tonry, and Asheley Van Ness
Cross-National Comparisons of Crime Rates in Four Countries, 1981–1999
David P. Farrington and Darrick Jolliffe