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Helmi's Shadow
A Journey of Survival From Russia to East Asia to the American West
David Horgan
University of Nevada Press, 2021
Helmi’s Shadow tells the sweeping true story of two Russian Jewish refugees, a mother (Rachel Koskin) and her daughter (Helmi). With determination and courage, they survived decades of hardship in the hidden corners of war-torn Asia and then journeyed across the Pacific at the end of the Second World War to become United States citizens after seeking safe harbor in the unlikely western desert town of Reno, Nevada. This compelling narrative is also a memoir, told lovingly by Helmi’s son, David, of growing up under the wings of these strong women in an unusual American family.

Rachel Koskin was a middle-class Russian Jew born in Odessa, Ukraine, in 1896. Ten years later, her family fled from the murderous pogroms against Jews in the Russian Empire eastward to Harbin, a Russian-controlled city within China’s borders on the harsh plain of Manchuria. Full of lively detail and the struggles of being stateless in a time of war, the narrative follows Rachel through her life in Harbin, which became a center of Russian culture in the Far East; the birth of her daughter, Helmi, in Kobe, Japan; their life together in the slums of Shanghai and back in Japan during World War II, where they endured many more hardships; and their subsequent immigration to the United States.

This remarkable account uncovers a history of refugees living in war-torn China and Japan, a history that to this day remains largely unknown. It is also a story of survival during a long period of upheaval and war—from the Russian Revolution to the Holocaust—and an intimate portrait of an American immigrant family. David reveals both the joys and tragedies he experienced growing up in a multicultural household in post\-Second World War America with a Jewish mother, a live-in Russian grandmother, and a devout Irish Catholic American father. 

As David develops a clearer awareness of the mysterious past lives of his mother and grandmother—and the impact of these events on his own understanding of the long-term effects of fear, trauma, and loss—he shows us that, even in times of peace and security, we are all shadows of our past, marked by our experiences, whether we choose to reveal them to others or not.
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Refugee to Revolutionary
A Transnational History of Greek Communist Women in Interwar Europe
Margarite Poulos
Vanderbilt University Press, 2024
The obscure first-generation female cadres of the Greek communist movement were cultivated in the 1920s in the context of Bolshevization, while others were mobilized by antifascism and resistance to the Axis occupation. A number of these women traveled to Moscow to undertake training in the communist universities for foreigners established by the Comintern.

Refugee to Revolutionary examines the national and transnational world the female cadres of the Greek communist movement traversed, situated between their own aspirations, the objectives of the Greek Communist Party (KKE), and the global ambitions of the Comintern. Drawing largely on data contained in the individual files (anketas) of the KKE cadres located in the Comintern archive at the Russian State Archive for Socio-Political History (RGASPI), as well as Greek Communist Party archival materials, this history is told largely in the voice, albeit the “official” voice, of the subjects themselves. These voices reveal much about the personal, cultural, social, and gendered dimensions of their experience. They convey a story of opportunity and sacrifice and the sense of being part of something historic and extraordinary.

The overarching purpose of this book is two-pronged: The first is to address a historiographical void attributable to a combination of factors, which includes the inaccessibility of Soviet archival materials and a persistent hegemonic masculinity that continues to define the historiography of Greek communism. Second, this work is situated within a new literature represented by scholars such as Brigitte Studer, Lisa Kirschenbaum, Francisca De Haan, and others, which destabilizes Cold War paradigms that have long dominated evaluations of agency, identity, and subjectivity in the Western historiography of communism.
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Somalia - the Untold Story
The War Through the Eyes of Somali Women
Edited by Judith Gardner and Judy El Bushra
Pluto Press, 2004
Somalia came to the world's attention in 1992 when television and newspapers began to report on the terrifyingly violent war and the famine that resulted. Half a million Somalis died that year, and over a million fled the country. Cameras followed US troops as they landed on the beaches at Mogadishu to lead what became an ill-fated UN intervention to end hunger and restore peace.

In this book, Somali women write and talk about the war, their experiences and the unacceptable choices they often faced. They explain clearly, in their own words, the changes, challenges – and sometimes the opportunities – that war brought, and how they coped with them.

Key themes include the slaughter and loss of men, who were the prime target for killings; rape and sexual violence as a weapon of war; changing roles in the family and within the pastoralist economy; women mobilising for peace; and leading social recovery in a war-torn society.

This book is not only an important record of women's experience of war, but also provides researchers and students of gender and conflict with rare first hand accounts highlighting the impact of war on gender relations, and women's struggle for equal political rights in a situation of state collapse.
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Women, Violence and War
Wartime Victimization of Refugees in the Balkans
Vesna Nikolic-Ristanovic
Central European University Press, 2000

Based on interviews with seventy women refugees, Women, Violence and War is a book about war as it is seen, lived and interpreted by women who were citizens of the former Yugoslavia.

Many of the accounts portray the horrific experiences the victims had to face and the book addresses issues of sexual, physical and psychological violence, as well as problems of confinement, upheaval and family separation. In a completely new insight the book dispels the myth that many of the women were peasants, and shows that in fact they were educated, middle-class women with independent careers. The study also depicts how some of the victims attempt to come to terms with the aftermath of wartime abuse.

This probing, accurate and unique investigation of victimization is an unparalleled volume that presents a completely new perspective maintaining that violence against women in war is not independent of peace-time victimization and the imbalance of power between sexes.

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