Urban Traffic Analysis and Control: The key challenges in the era of ITS explores fixed timing and variable timing strategies for urban traffic control. The former are typically applied off-line to support transportation planning or in simple cases when there is no need of adaptive control or on-line support to real-time traffic management. On-line applications require sensors for flow monitoring and within-day dynamic models for flow prediction, or simple data-driven methods. Both approaches are within the scope of the book.