A fresh history of nineteenth-century philosophy’s many ideas about secularization.
 
The secularization thesis, which held that religious belief would gradually yield to rationality, has been thoroughly debunked. What, then, can we learn from philosophers for whom the death of God seems so imminent? In this book, Espen Hammer offers a sweeping analysis of secularization in nineteenth-century German philosophy, arguing that the persistence of religion (rather than its absence) animated this tradition. Hammer shows that Kant, Hegel, Feuerbach, Marx, and Nietzsche, each in their own way, sought to preserve and transform religion’s ethical and communal aspirations for modern life. A renewed appreciation for this tradition’s generous thought, Hammer argues, can help us chart a path through needlessly destructive conflicts between secularists and fundamentalists today.

Espen Hammer is professor of philosophy at Temple University. He has published numerous books, including Adorno’s Modernism: Art, Experience, and Catastrophe.

Preface

Introductory Remarks
Chapter One Secularization and Modernity
Chapter Two The Kantian Compromise
Chapter Three Hegel’s Rescue Mission
Chapter Four A Social Critique of Religion: Feuerbach and Marx
Chapter Five Nietzsche and the Overcoming of Christianity
Concluding Remarks

Bibliography
Index