Since 1979, the Crime and Justice series has presented international crime-related research to enrich the work of sociologists, psychologists, criminal lawyers, justice scholars, and political scientists. Volume 34 covers criminal justice issues with a careful balance of research, theory, and practice.It offers an interdisciplinary approach to core issues in criminology, with perspectives from biology, law, psychology, ethics, history, and sociology.

Michael Tonry is director of the Institute of Criminology at Cambridge University and Sonosky Professor of Law and Public Policy at the University of Minnesota.