contents
Preface 000
chapter 1. The Seaport 000
chapter 2. Colonists 000
The Origins of American Slavery - Transport - Perpetual Enslavement - Nonslaves - The Origins of an Afro-American Culture
Portsmouth and the Slave Trade 000
Cities and Numbers of Africans in Early New England
Sale of Enslaved People 000
Method and Location of Slave Sales in Portsmouth - Auction - Enslaved People in Stoodley's Household
White Fears, Regulation, and Legislation 000
Protective Legislation - Restriction - Avoiding Public Expense - White Confusion, Separation, and DiVerentiation
One Negro Man £200, One Ditto Woman £50: Location, Labor, Value 000
Relationships, Authority, Location, and Work - Placing a Cash Value on People
Skilled Craftspeople 000
Adam, Mercer, and Bess Marshall - Nero, Cato, and Jane Wheelwright - A Tailor - Hopestill Cheswell - Primus Fowle - Craftswomen, Craftsmen, and Local Myth
Fortune and James: Invisibility 000
Tavern Work - Fortune - James - A Curiosity
Hannah, Pomp, Nanne, Violet, Scipio: Agricultural Work 000
A Rural Slave Burial Ground - People Enslaved by the Langdons - Africans on the Farm - Further Reßections
Quamino, Prince, Nero, a Negro Girl, Cato, Peter, John Jack, and Phyllis: The Role of Slavery among the White Colonial Elite 000
The Macpheadris Household - The Wentworth Household - The Warner Household - The Role of Slavery among the White Elite
Venus: Decoding Clues 000
What's in a Name?
North Church People: Status and Religion 000
Rank, Location, Change, and White Ambivalence - Withholding the Message and Its EVects - Churches in New England - Black Church Members and African Tradition
Nero Brewster, Willie Clarkson, Jock Odiorne, Pharaoh Shores: Black Coronations, Internal Status, and Social Control 000
White Participation and Perceptions - Black Participation and Perspectives - A Tradition Ends
The Unnamed, Unrecorded Dead: Health, Medicine, Death, Burial 000
Age and Causes of Death - African Medicine - Burial Customs, Black and White - Discontinuance of the Negro Burying Ground
The Cotton and Hunking Families: Family, Women, Marriage 000
Marriage and Alternatives - A New Status for African Women in America
Revolutionary Petitioners: Politics and Freedom 000
Origins and Authorship of the Petition - Revolutionary Rhetoric - A Recent British Cout Case - Outcome
Prince Whipple: Revolution and Freedom 000
Black and White Whipples in the Revolution - Africans in the Revolution
Free Black People in an Era of Slavery 000
Self-Emancipation: A Sample Case - Documenting Freedom
The Long-Range Impacts of the Slave System 000
chapter 3. Early Americans 000
Dismantling Slavery - A Nation in Motion, Cities in Change - Exclusion - Numbers and Location of Black People in Portsmouth - Occupations
"3 Very Old Negroes Almost Good for Nothing": The Plight of the Elderly in Freedom 000
White Alternatives to Liability
Prince, CuVee, Dinah, and Rebecca Whipple: A Sample Family Living in Freedom 000
Prince Whipple as Caleb Quotem - CuVee Whipple and Black Music Making - Dinah Chase Whipple - Rebecca Daverson Whipple - The Next Generation
Siras Bruce and Flora Stoodley Bruce: New Freedom, Limited Options 000
Siras Gets Married - Envisioning Work - A Place to Live
Pomp and Candace Spring: A Glimpse of Home and Home Life 000
A House Tour
Dinah Gibson: Making It on Her Own 000
Richard Potter: Making an Itinerant Living in Entertainment 000
Black Marines of Portsmouth: Life at Sea and at Home 000
EVects of Racism on Maritime Employment
Esther Whipple Mullinaux: Kinship and Cluster DiVusion 000
chapter 4. Abolition 000
Slavery and the Constitution - Abolition - Abolition and Religion - Antislavery Organization in New Hampshire and Portsmouth - The Legislative Backdrop
Portsmouth's Continued Participation in Slavery 000
Consumer Goods - Continued Slave Trading
Frederick Douglass, Charles Lenox Remond, William Wells Brown: Black Abolitionist Orators and the Civil War Years in Portsmouth 000
Frederick Douglass's First Visit to Portsmouth - Charles Lenox Remond - Frederick Douglass Returns to Portsmouth - William Wells Brown - Riot in 1863 - Riot in 1865
"Most of the Colored People of the City, Both Old and Young": Celebrating Emancipation 000
chapter 5. Community 000
Regionalism in Black Communities - Migration and Its EVects
People's Baptist Church: Spiritual Life, Religious Community 000
Denominational Appeal - Antecedent Black Churches - Beginnings and Leaders of People's Baptist Church - Alternatives - Transformation
Deacon Hayward Burton: Community Leader 000
George M. King, Ralph Reed, Albert Auylor: Social Clubs and Political Action 000
Our Boys' Comfort/Lincoln American Community Club - The Knights of Pythias - The Colored Citizens League - The Black Masons
The Klan in Portsmouth 000
Louis George Gregory and Louisa Matthews Gregory: Spiritual Leaders for Racial Unity 000
A New Home
Elizabeth Virgil: Quiet Pioneer, Witness to a Changing World 000
A Pioneer Student, and Employment - Making a Home, Pursuing Interests - Another Who Went South
Owen Finnigan Cooper, Eugene Reid, John Ramsay, Emerson Reed, Doris Moore, Anna Jones: World War II and Patriotic Service 000
Black Americans, the Military, and Wartime Employment - Wartime Work in Portsmouth - The Home Front BattleÞeld
Rosary Broxay Cooper: Migration, Career Options, Patriotic Service 000
Wartime Work
chapter 6. Civil Rights 000
Legislation and Responses
Lost Boundaries, Broken Barriers 000
Inspired by . . .
Thomas Cobbs: Making a Living, Making a DiVerence 000
A Sample Action - Further Afield
Legislating Destruction: Government Policy and the Black Experience 000
Further Developments on the National Level
Working Together, Seeking Understanding: The Seacoast Council on Race and Religion 000
Religion, Ecumenism, and Civil Rights
chapter 7. Living with Diversity 000
Public Celebrations of Identity - Commercial Images of Identity - Urban Developments - White Reactions - Portsmouth since 1970 - Black Experience in Late-Twentieth-Century Portsmouth - Revival of Portsmouth's NAACP Chapter - Social, Fraternal, and Action Groups - Preserving Stories ; an Oral History Project - The African American Resource Center - The Portsmouth Blues Festival - The Martin Luther King Holiday in New Hampshire - The Klan ; Again - The Diversity Committee - The Black Heritage Trail - Ongoing in Portsmouth
CoYns under the Street: An Afterword 000
Appendix: Places Associated with Narratives in This Book 000
Notes 000
Bibliography 000
Index 000
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication: African Americans New Hampshire Portsmouth History, African Americans New Hampshire Portsmouth Social conditions, African Americans New England History, Portsmouth (N, H, ) History, Portsmouth (N, H, ) Race relations, New England Race relations