“In this ambitious, interdisciplinary monograph, Rebecca N. Mitchell draws on theories of alterity by Emmanuel Levinas to intervene in current discussions of realism and sympathy. Her argument, supported by close analysis of novels by Dickens, Eliot, and Hardy, and extended to paintings by Whistler, is clear, fresh, and provocative.Victorian Lessons in Empathy and Difference will be an essential book for Victorian scholars interested in visual and literary forms.” —Linda M. Shires, professor of English, Yeshiva University