Contents
Maps, Figures, and Tables xx
Note to the Reader xx
Introduction 1-0
Theoretical Considerations / 00
Historiographical Considerations / 00
Chapter Organization / 00
Part I
Precedents and Conditions
1 Political Discourse and the Public Sphere in Transition
from Tokugawa to Meiji Japan 00
The Public Sphere and the News Media in Early Modern Japan / 00
From "Public Authority" to "Public Opinion":
The Discourse of Kogi Yoron and Its Evolution / 00
Restoration of the Monarchy and the Failure
of the Kogi-based Polity / 00
Kogi yoron, "Public Opinion," and Parliamentarianism / 00
2 The Meiji State, Nation-Building, and the Public Sphere,
1868-74 00
The Iwakura Mission and the Caretaker Government, 1871-74 / 00
The Seikanron Controversy and Its Outcome:
New Visions for Imperial Japan / 00
News Media in Transition / 00
The Fictive Space of the New Public Sphere / 00
Part II
Effervescence
3 Parliamentarianism in Ascendancy, 1874-78 00
The 1874 Proposal to Establish a Popularly Elected Assembly / 00
Criticisms of the 1874 Proposal / 00
Defenses of the 1874 Proposal / 00
"Public Opinion" and Its Institutional Representation / 00
The Osaka Conference and the Kochi Group:
Rapprochement and Failure of the Compromise / 00
From Armed Insurrections to Mobilization of Public Opinion:
The "Kochi Alternative" / 00
The Discourse of Kogi Yoron and the Emergence
of Parliamentarian Opposition / 00
4 Metropolitan Intellectual Associations, 1871-81 00
The Rise of the Metropolitan Intelligentsia / 00
The Ambivalence of the Meirokusha / 00
The Kyoson Doshu / 00
The Omeisha / 00
The Kokuyukai / 00
The Kojunsha / 00
Metropolitan Intellectual Associations and the National
Public Sphere / 00
5 Local Notables and the Parliamentarian Movement,
1878-82 00
Local Notables in the Early Meiji Period / 00
The Prefectural Assembly and the Struggles over Taxation and Local
Administration / 00
The Aikokusha Revival Conferences and the Parliamentarian Movement / 00
The Wave of Petitions / 00
Local Notables Become Parliamentarians, But on Their Own Terms / 00
6 "Lecture Circuits" and Communicative Polyphony:
The Political Culture of Early Meiji Japan 00
Inventing "Speechmaking": Fukuzawa Yukichi and the Evolution
of the Term Enzetsu / 00
The Development and Politicization of Nationwide "Lecture Circuits" / 00
Public Lectures as Subversive Performances / 00
Women and Public Lectures / 00
"Lecture Circuits" and the National Public Sphere / 00
Part III
Reaction
7 Parliamentarianism and the Meiji State: Toward the
Consolidation of State Ideologies, 1874-81 00
State Interventions into the Public Sphere, 1873-81 / 00
Conflicting Visions of Representative Government / 00
Okuma Shigenobu's Constitutional Opinion / 00
The Meiji State versus Civilian Parliamentarians:
No More Compromise, Only Appeasement or Suppression / 00
8 The 1881 Crisis and the Hokkaido Colonial Office Scandal 00
The Evolution of Political Scandals in the Japanese Public Sphere / 00
Problems with State Finance / 00
"Publicity" of National Finances / 00
Civilian Discourse on the Hokkaido Colonial Office Scandal / 00
Escalation of the Controversy: Public Lectures
and the Kochi Group's Response / 00
The Expulsion of Okuma Shigenobu / 00
The Significance of the 1881 Crisis
and the Hokkaido Colonial Office Scandal / 00
Part IV
Development and Institutionalization
9 Civic Constitutions in the Public Sphere 00
The Senate's Model Constitutions / 00
Constitutional Drafts by Metropolitan Intellectual Associations / 00
Constitutional Drafts by Local Parliamentarians / 00
The Undivided Popular Will: Constitutional Drafts
by Kochi Parliamentarians / 00
The Discourse on the "National Contract Constitution," 1879-81 / 00
Shutting out the Public, 1882-89 / 00
The Historical Meaning of Civic Constitutional Drafts / 00
10 "Pre-Diet" Political Parties and Their Ideologies, 1881-84 00
The Liberal Party (Jiyuto) / 00
Ideologies of the Liberal Party / 00
The Constitutional Progressive Party (Rikken Kaishinto) / 00
Ideologies of the Progressive Party / 00
Parliamentarianism and the Political Parties / 00
11 "With My Two Eyes, I Want to See the Opening of the Diet":
Parliamentarianism Triumphant? 1884-90 00
The Grand Solidarity Movement, 1884-87 / 00
The "Three Issues" Memorials and the State Response, 1887-89 / 00
Debates on the Party-Cabinet System and the Inadequacy
of "Transcendentalism" / 00
The End of the Parliamentarian Movement / 00
Conclusion:
The National Public Sphere in Early Meiji Japan 00
Reference Matter
Bibliography 00
Character List of Names 00
Character List of Terms 00
Index 00