In 2002, armed Hindu mobs attacked Muslims in broad daylight in the west Indian state of Gujarat. The pogrom, which was widely seen over television, left more than one thousand dead. In Composing Violence Moyukh Chatterjee examines how highly visible political violence against minorities acts as a catalyst for radical changes in law, public culture, and power. He shows that, far from being quashed through its exposure by activists, media, and politicians, state-sanctioned anti-Muslim violence set the stage for transforming India into a Hindu supremacist state. The state's and civil society’s responses to the violence, Chatterjee contends, reveal the constitutive features of modern democracy in which riots and pogroms are techniques to produce a form of society based on a killable minority and a triumphant majority. Focusing on courtroom procedures, police archives, legal activism, and mainstream media coverage, Chatterjee theorizes violence as a form of governance that creates minority populations. By tracing the composition of anti-Muslim violence and the legal structures that transform that violence into the making of minorities and majorities, Chatterjee demonstrates that violence is intrinsic to liberal democracy.

Moyukh Chatterjee is a Visiting Scholar at the University of Edinburgh.

-- Chulani Kodikara Social and Legal Studies

Acknowledgments  ix
Introduction. The Limits of Exposure  1
1. A Minor Reading  34
2. Composing the Archive  56
3. Against the Witness  76
4. Anti-Impunity Activism  93
5. Beyond the Unspeakable  107
Conclusion. Minor, Minorities, Minorization  127
Notes  139
Bibliography  151
Index  163