Popular Eugenics: National Efficiency and American Mass Culture in the 1930s
edited by Susan Currell and Christina Cogdell
Ohio University Press, 2006 Cloth: 978-0-8214-1691-4 | eISBN: 978-0-8214-4206-7 | Paper: 978-0-8214-1692-1 Library of Congress Classification HQ755.5.U5P66 2006 Dewey Decimal Classification 363.92097309043
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC
ABOUT THIS BOOK
The motto “Eugenics is the self-direction of human evolution” was part of the logo of the Second International Congress of Eugenics, held in 1921. However, by the 1930s, the disturbing legacy of this motto had started to reveal itself in the construction of national identities in countries throughout the world. Popular Eugenics is a fascinating look at how such tendencies emerged within the rhetoric, ideology, and visual aesthetics of U.S. mass culture during the 1930s, offering detailed analysis of the way that eugenics appeared within popular culture and images of modernity, particularly during the Depression era.
The essays in this generously illustrated collection demonstrate how, after the scientific foundations of the eugenics movement had been weakened in the 1930s, eugenic beliefs spread into the popular media, including newspapers, movies, museum exhibits, plays, and novels, and even fashion shows and comic strips.
Popular Eugenics shows that eugenic thought persisted in science and culture as well as in social policy and goes a long way toward explaining the durability of eugenic thinking and its effects on social policy in the United States. Popular Eugenics will be of interest to scholars and students in a broad range of disciplines, especially American literature and history, popular culture, media studies, and the history of science.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Susan Currell is a lecturer in American literature at the University of Sussex and the author of The March of Spare Time.
Christina Cogdell is an assistant professor of art history at the College of Santa Fe and the author of Eugenic Design: Streamlining America in the 1930s.
REVIEWS
“Too often, popular culture historical topics receive a cursory glance. In contrast, Popular Eugenics is able to tease out significant historical themes from targeted analyses.... the book should be lauded for giving equal time to visual culture as it does to written culture.”
— Journalism History
“This fascinating collection on eugenics during the 1930s offers a vantage point on ‘ordinary eugenics.’... Their most provocative argument is that the ubiquity of eugenics in mass culture may be the most important explanation for why draconian policies attracted widespread support during the New Deal.”
— The Historian
“Currell and Cogdell do a wonderful job of showcasing the complexity of the eugenic movement during the 1930s. More importantly, they do a service to readers by showing that even as eugenicists endured a widening public critique, they never lost their general sense of racial and class superiority or bias.”
— Indiana Magazine of History
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
List of Illustrations 000
Acknowledgments 000
Introduction
Susan Currell 001
Part One: Popular Writing and Eugenics
Chapter 1
A New Deal for the Child: Ann Cooper Hewitt and Sterilization in the 1930s
Wendy Kline 000
Chapter 2
Eugenic Decline and Recovery in Self-Improvement Literature of the Thirties
Susan Currell 000
Chapter 3
"Drilling Eugenics into People's Minds": Expertise, Public Opinion, and Biopolitics in Alexis
Carrel's Man, the Unknown
Andrøs H. Reggiani 000
Chapter 4
"Explaining Sexual Life to Your Daughter": Gender and Eugenic Education in the United States
during the 1930s
Michael A. Rembis 000
Chapter 5
Defending Jeeter: Conservative Arguments against Eugenics in the Depression Era South
Betsy L. Nies 000
Chapter 6
Poor Whites and the Federal Writers' Project: The Rhetoric of Eugenics in the Southern Life
Histories
Stephen Fender 000
Chapter 7
The Descent of Yoknapatawpha: Eugenics and the Origins of Faulkner's World
Barbara E. Ladner 000
Part Two: Visual Culture and Eugenics
Chapter 8
The American Adonis: A Natural History of the "Average American" (Man), 1921/32
Mary K. Coffey 000
Chapter 9
Smooth Flow: Biological Efficiency and Streamline Design
Christina Cogdell 000
Chapter 10
Apes, Men, and Teeth: Earnest A. Hooton and Eugenic Decay
Nicole Rafter 000
Chapter 11
Classical Bodies versus the Criminal Carnival: Eugenics Ideology in 1930s Popular Art
Kerry Soper 000
Chapter 12
Scientific Selection on the Silver Screen: Madcap Eugenics in College Holiday
Karen A. Keely 000
Chapter 13
Monsters in the Bed: The Horror-Film Eugenics of Dracula and Frankenstein
Angela Marie Smith 000
Chapter 14
The Nazi Eugenics Exhibit in the United States, 1934/43
Robert Rydell, Christina Cogdell, and Mark Largent 000
About the Contributors 000
Index 000
Popular Eugenics: National Efficiency and American Mass Culture in the 1930s
edited by Susan Currell and Christina Cogdell
Ohio University Press, 2006 Cloth: 978-0-8214-1691-4 eISBN: 978-0-8214-4206-7 Paper: 978-0-8214-1692-1
The motto “Eugenics is the self-direction of human evolution” was part of the logo of the Second International Congress of Eugenics, held in 1921. However, by the 1930s, the disturbing legacy of this motto had started to reveal itself in the construction of national identities in countries throughout the world. Popular Eugenics is a fascinating look at how such tendencies emerged within the rhetoric, ideology, and visual aesthetics of U.S. mass culture during the 1930s, offering detailed analysis of the way that eugenics appeared within popular culture and images of modernity, particularly during the Depression era.
The essays in this generously illustrated collection demonstrate how, after the scientific foundations of the eugenics movement had been weakened in the 1930s, eugenic beliefs spread into the popular media, including newspapers, movies, museum exhibits, plays, and novels, and even fashion shows and comic strips.
Popular Eugenics shows that eugenic thought persisted in science and culture as well as in social policy and goes a long way toward explaining the durability of eugenic thinking and its effects on social policy in the United States. Popular Eugenics will be of interest to scholars and students in a broad range of disciplines, especially American literature and history, popular culture, media studies, and the history of science.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Susan Currell is a lecturer in American literature at the University of Sussex and the author of The March of Spare Time.
Christina Cogdell is an assistant professor of art history at the College of Santa Fe and the author of Eugenic Design: Streamlining America in the 1930s.
REVIEWS
“Too often, popular culture historical topics receive a cursory glance. In contrast, Popular Eugenics is able to tease out significant historical themes from targeted analyses.... the book should be lauded for giving equal time to visual culture as it does to written culture.”
— Journalism History
“This fascinating collection on eugenics during the 1930s offers a vantage point on ‘ordinary eugenics.’... Their most provocative argument is that the ubiquity of eugenics in mass culture may be the most important explanation for why draconian policies attracted widespread support during the New Deal.”
— The Historian
“Currell and Cogdell do a wonderful job of showcasing the complexity of the eugenic movement during the 1930s. More importantly, they do a service to readers by showing that even as eugenicists endured a widening public critique, they never lost their general sense of racial and class superiority or bias.”
— Indiana Magazine of History
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
List of Illustrations 000
Acknowledgments 000
Introduction
Susan Currell 001
Part One: Popular Writing and Eugenics
Chapter 1
A New Deal for the Child: Ann Cooper Hewitt and Sterilization in the 1930s
Wendy Kline 000
Chapter 2
Eugenic Decline and Recovery in Self-Improvement Literature of the Thirties
Susan Currell 000
Chapter 3
"Drilling Eugenics into People's Minds": Expertise, Public Opinion, and Biopolitics in Alexis
Carrel's Man, the Unknown
Andrøs H. Reggiani 000
Chapter 4
"Explaining Sexual Life to Your Daughter": Gender and Eugenic Education in the United States
during the 1930s
Michael A. Rembis 000
Chapter 5
Defending Jeeter: Conservative Arguments against Eugenics in the Depression Era South
Betsy L. Nies 000
Chapter 6
Poor Whites and the Federal Writers' Project: The Rhetoric of Eugenics in the Southern Life
Histories
Stephen Fender 000
Chapter 7
The Descent of Yoknapatawpha: Eugenics and the Origins of Faulkner's World
Barbara E. Ladner 000
Part Two: Visual Culture and Eugenics
Chapter 8
The American Adonis: A Natural History of the "Average American" (Man), 1921/32
Mary K. Coffey 000
Chapter 9
Smooth Flow: Biological Efficiency and Streamline Design
Christina Cogdell 000
Chapter 10
Apes, Men, and Teeth: Earnest A. Hooton and Eugenic Decay
Nicole Rafter 000
Chapter 11
Classical Bodies versus the Criminal Carnival: Eugenics Ideology in 1930s Popular Art
Kerry Soper 000
Chapter 12
Scientific Selection on the Silver Screen: Madcap Eugenics in College Holiday
Karen A. Keely 000
Chapter 13
Monsters in the Bed: The Horror-Film Eugenics of Dracula and Frankenstein
Angela Marie Smith 000
Chapter 14
The Nazi Eugenics Exhibit in the United States, 1934/43
Robert Rydell, Christina Cogdell, and Mark Largent 000
About the Contributors 000
Index 000
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC