In Force, Drive, Desire, Rudolf Bernet develops a philosophical foundation of psychoanalysis focusing on human drives. Rather than simply drawing up a list of Freud’s borrowings from Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, or Lacan’s from Hegel and Sartre, Bernet orchestrates a dialogue between philosophy and psychoanalysis that goes far beyond what these eminent psychoanalysts knew about philosophy. By relating the writings of Freud, Lacan, and other psychoanalysts to those of Aristotle, Leibniz, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Husserl, Heidegger, and, more tacitly, Bergson and Deleuze, Bernet brings to light how psychoanalysis both prolongs and breaks with the history of Western metaphysics and philosophy of nature.

Rereading the long history of metaphysics (or at least a few of its key moments) in light of psychoanalytic inquiries into the nature and function of drive and desire also allows for a rewriting of the history of philosophy. Specifically, it allows Bernet to bring to light a different history of metaphysics, one centered less on Aristotelian substance (ousia) and more on the concept of dunamis—a power or potentiality for a realization toward which it strives with all its might. Relating human drives to metaphysical forces also bears fruit for a renewed philosophy of life and subjectivity.

RUDOLF BERNET is a professor emeritus of philosophy at the University of Leuven in Belgium and former director of the Husserl Archives. He has been a visiting professor at the Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, the University of Copenhagen, Boston College, the Sapienza University of Rome, Stony Brook University, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, and Peking University. He is the editor of Edmund Husserl’s Texte zur Phänomenologie des inneren Zeitbewusstseins (The Phenomenology of Internal Time-Consciousness) and Die Bernauer Manuskripte über das Zeitbewusstsein (The Bernau Manuscripts on Time-Consciousness), the coauthor of An Introduction to Husserlian Phenomenology, and the author of La vie du sujet: Recherches sur l’interprétation de Husserl dans la phénoménologie (The Life of the Subject: Research on Husserl’s Interpretation of Phenomenology) and Conscience et existence: Perspectives phénoménologiques (Consciousness and Existence: Phenomenological Perspectives). 

Introduction
 
Part I. The Drive Dynamic

1. Aristotle (And Heidegger) on Natural Movement and the Drive Force Of Living Beings
2. The Metaphysics of Drive and Desire in Leibniz
3. Schopenhauer on the Drives of Bodies and the Ambiguities of Human Desire
4. The Three Stages of Freud’s Drive Theory and Lacan’s Amendments
                                                                                               
Part II. Drives And Subjectivity

5. Husserl on the Pleasures of a Bodily and Drive-Based Subject
6. The Freudian Subject
7. Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and Lacan on a Drive Subject Sublimated by the Encounter with Art
 
Notes
Index