Shadow of the Racketeer: Scandal in Organized Labor tells the story of organized crime's move into labor racketeering in the 1930s, focusing on a union corruption scandal involving payments from the largest Hollywood movie studios to the Chicago mob to ensure a pliant labor supply for their industry. The book details the work of crusading journalist Westbrook Pegler, whose scorching investigative work dramatically exposed the mob connections of top labor leaders George Scalise and William Bioff and garnered Pegler a Pulitzer Prize for reporting.

From a behind-the-scenes perspective, David Witwer describes how Pegler and his publisher, the politically powerful Roy W. Howard, shaped the news coverage of this scandal in ways that obscured the corrupt ties between employers and the mob while emphasizing the perceived menace of union leaders empowered by New Deal legislation that had legitimized organized labor. Pegler, Howard, and the rest of the mainstream press pointedly ignored evidence of the active role that business leaders took in the corruption, which badly tarnished the newly reborn labor movement.

Because he was more concerned with pursuing political gains for the conservative movement, Pegler's investigative journalism did little to reform union governance or organized crime's influence on labor unions. The union corruption scandal only undercut the labor movement. Pegler's continuing campaign against labor corruption framed the issue in ways that set the stage for postwar political defeats, culminating with the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act, which greatly limited the power of labor unions in the United States.

Demonstrating clearly and convincingly how journalism is wielded as a political weapon, Witwer studies a broad range of forces at play in the labor union scandal and its impact, including the influence of the press, organized crime, political corruption, and businessmen following their own economic imperatives.

David Witwer is a professor of American studies at Penn State Harrisburg and author of Corruption and Reform in the Teamster’s Union.

Acknowledgments   vi
Introduction: "Peglerized"   1
1. The Columnist: A Crusading Jouranlist   15
2. The Outfit: Organized Crime and Labor Racketeering   37
3. Browne, Bioff, and Scalise: The Dynamics of Union Corruption   59
4. The Hollywood Case: Racketeering in the 1930s from a Business Perspective   83
5. Union Members and Corruption: Exploitation and Disillusionment   103
6. Union Members and Corruption: The Potential for Reform   119
7. The Newsmen: "Molders of Public Opinion"   147
8. The Scandal's Political Impact: Pegler and Antiunionism   175
9. "Labor Must Clean House": The Challenge of Responding to Pegler   205
Conclusion: Opportunities Lost and Opportunities Taken   233
Notes   255
Index   319