ABOUT THIS BOOK

Emancipation, manumission, and complex legalities surrounding slavery led to a number of women of color achieving a measure of freedom and prosperity from the 1600s through the 1800s. These black women held property in places like Suriname and New Orleans, headed households in Brazil, enjoyed religious freedom in Peru, and created new selves and new lives across the Caribbean. Beyond Bondage outlines the restricted spheres within which free women of color, by virtue of gender and racial restrictions, carved out many kinds of existences. Although their freedom--represented by respectability, opportunity, and the acquisition of property--always remained precarious, the essayists support the surprising conclusion that women of color often sought and obtained these advantages more successfully than their male counterparts.

AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY

David Barry Gaspar is a professor of history at Duke University. He is the author of Bondmen and Rebels: A Study of Master-Slave Relations in Antigua. Darlene Clark Hine is Board of Trustees Emeritus Professor of African American Studies and History at Northwestern University. Her books include Black Women in White: Racial Conflict and Cooperation in the Nursing Profession, 1890-1950. Together they have edited More Than Chattel: Black Women and Slavery in the Americas.

REVIEWS

"This volume is a must-read for students of comparative New World slave systems. Although the primary focus of each essay is the quality of life experienced by women of color in a particular locale, each contributes to a broad picture of the interconnected web of racial identities, class systems, and sexual exploitation that characterized slave societies."--Journal of American History

"This book lays a solid foundation for future studies of free black women in the Americas. One of its greatest strengths is its comparative framework, which allows the reader to analytically compare and contrast the different regions of the Americas. Another strength is the wide variety of sources and methodological approaches used by contributors, which results in a richly textured analysis in every essay. . . . Future research will undoubtedly confirm the major finding of this book: that the social position of free women of color--subordinate, yet with access to resources and influence--is crucial for understanding not only women's lives in the Americas but also slavery, race relations, urban work, and spiritual life."--American Historical Review

"Many of the essays here are extremely rich, both in their focus on individual lives and in their presentation of important quantitative data which helps us to understand the processes by which people of colour built and sustained gendered communities."--Journal of Peasant Studies

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents

Preface
Part 1: Achieving and Preserving Freedom
1. Maroon Women in Colonial Spanish America: Case Studies in the
Circum-Caribbean, Sixteenth-Eighteenth Centuries
Jane Landers
2. Of Life and Freedom in the (Tropical) Hearth: El Cobre, Cuba,
1709-73
Maria Elena Diaz
3. In the Shadow of the Plantation: Women of Color and the
Libres de fait of Martinique and Guadeloupe, 1685-1848
Bernard Moitt
4. "To Be Free Is Very Sweet": The Manumission of Female Slaves
in Antigua, 1817-26
David Barry Gaspar
5. "Do Thou in Gentle Phibia Smile": Scenes from an Interracial
Marriage, Jamaica, 1754-86
Trevor Burnard
6. The Fragile Nature of Freedom: Free Women of Color in the
United States South
Loren Schweninger
Part 2: Making a Life in Freedom
7. "Out of Bounds": Emancipated and Enslaved Women in Antebellum
America
Wilma King
8. Free Black and Colored Women in Early Nineteenth-Century
Paramaribo, Suriname
Rosemarijn Hoefte and Jean Jacques Vrij
9. Ana Paulinha de Queirós, Joaquina da Costa, and Their
Neighbors: Free Women of Color as Household Heads in Rural
Bahia (Brazil), 1835
B. J. Barickman and Martha Few
10. Libertas Citadinas: Free Women of Color in San Juan, Puerto
Rico
Félix V. Matos Rodríguez
11. Landlords, Shopkeepers, Farmers, Slaveowners: Free Black
Female Property Holders in Colonial New Orleans
Kimberly S. Hanger
12. Free Women of Color in Central Brazil, 1779-1832
Mary C. Karasch
13. Henriette Delille, Free Women of Color, and Catholicism in
Antebellum New Orleans, 1727-1852
Virginia Meacham Gould
14. Religious Women of Color in Seventeenth-Century Lima:
Estefania de San Ioseph and Ursula de Jesu Christo
Alice L. Wood
Contributors
Index

Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication: Women, Black America History, Free blacks America History, America Social conditions, America Race relations, Slavery America History