front cover of Decisions for Tomorrow
Decisions for Tomorrow
Plans of High School Seniors for after Graduation
Ralph Berdie
University of Minnesota Press, 1965
Decisions for Tomorrow was first published in 1965.The authors surveyed almost the entire population of high school seniors in the state of Minnesota in 1961, some 45,000 young people, in order to study post-high-school plans. The findings of the study are reported here and are compared with findings of a similar survey made a decade earlier. The students were asked during their senior year to provide information about their plans for after graduation, and the eventual behavior of the students was compared with their prediction. Numerous correlations were observed between the students’ plans and such factors as ability, school achievement, socio-economic status, and personality. In addition, comparisons were made between the 1950 and 1961 studies to determine whether any observable trends might be attributable to factors as diverse as the orbiting of Sputnik or the increase in number and quality of school counselors.Special emphasis is given to the examination of the college-bound students. Their achievements, aptitudes, and personalities are compared with the same characteristics in youngsters not planning to go to college. However, the authors point out that whether concern is centered on college preparation or on larger questions of manpower, the plans and goals of high school students are of crucial importance in a society which is based on mass education of the highest possible quality.Volume 9 in the Minnesota Library on Student Personnel Work
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Deep Secrets
Boys’ Friendships and the Crisis of Connection
Niobe Way
Harvard University Press, 2013

“Boys are emotionally illiterate and don’t want intimate friendships.” In this empirically grounded challenge to our stereotypes about boys and men, Niobe Way reveals the intense intimacy among teenage boys especially during early and middle adolescence. Boys not only share their deepest secrets and feelings with their closest male friends, they claim that without them they would go “wacko.” Yet as boys become men, they become distrustful, lose these friendships, and feel isolated and alone.

Drawing from hundreds of interviews conducted throughout adolescence with black, Latino, white, and Asian American boys, Deep Secrets reveals the ways in which we have been telling ourselves a false story about boys, friendships, and human nature. Boys’ descriptions of their male friendships sound more like “something out of Love Story than Lord of the Flies.” Yet in late adolescence, boys feel they have to “man up” by becoming stoic and independent. Vulnerable emotions and intimate friendships are for girls and gay men. “No homo” becomes their mantra.

These findings are alarming, given what we know about links between friendships and health, and even longevity. Rather than a “boy crisis,” Way argues that boys are experiencing a “crisis of connection” because they live in a culture where human needs and capacities are given a sex (female) and a sexuality (gay), and thus discouraged for those who are neither. Way argues that the solution lies with exposing the inaccuracies of our gender stereotypes and fostering these critical relationships and fundamental human skills.

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The Development of Children’s Concepts of Causal Relations
Jean Deutsche
University of Minnesota Press, 1937
The Development of Children’s Concepts of Causal Relations was first published in 1937. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions.This is a report of group tests administered to 732 school children between 8 and 16 years of age, in grades 3 to 8. The children were asked to explain 11 scientific demonstrations, such as putting out a candle with a glass jar, and 12 commonly observed natural phenomena, such as snow and thunder.Quantified scores herein are analyzed in relationship to age, sex, intelligence, school grade, and socio-economic status. The results give insight into children’s logical processes and the development of thinking.
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The Development of Reasoning in Children with Normal and Defective Hearing
Mildred Templin
University of Minnesota Press, 1950
The Development of Reasoning in Children with Normal and Defective Hearing was first published in 1950. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions.No. 24, Institute of Child Welfare Monograph SeriesThis important study will prove helpful to educators, psychologists, clinicians, and all workers with the hard-of-hearing and deaf. Various types of reasoning ability were measured in children whose experience was limited by defective hearing, by residence in an institution, or by both of these factors, and comparisons were made with children whose environment was normal in one or both aspects.Subjects for the study included 850 pupils in state schools for the deaf, in special day classes for the defective hearing, and in public schools. Three different reasoning tests were used, and the scores of matched groups are compared and analyzed.
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Dilemmas of Desire
Teenage Girls Talk about Sexuality
Deborah L. Tolman
Harvard University Press, 2005

Be sexy but not sexual. Don't be a prude but don't be a slut. These are the cultural messages that barrage teenage girls. In movies and magazines, in music and advice columns, girls are portrayed as the object or the victim of someone else's desire--but virtually never as someone with acceptable sexual feelings of her own. What teenage girls make of these contradictory messages, and what they make of their awakening sexuality--so distant from and yet so susceptible to cultural stereotypes--emerges for the first time in frank and complex fashion in Deborah Tolman's Dilemmas of Desire.

A unique look into the world of adolescent sexuality, this book offers an intimate and often disturbing, sometimes inspiring, picture of how teenage girls experience, understand, and respond to their sexual feelings, and of how society mediates, shapes, and distorts this experience. In extensive interviews, we listen as actual adolescent girls--both urban and suburban--speak candidly of their curiosity and confusion, their pleasure and disappointment, their fears, defiance, or capitulation in the face of a seemingly imperishable double standard that smiles upon burgeoning sexuality in boys yet frowns, even panics, at its equivalent in girls.

As a vivid evocation of girls negotiating some of the most vexing issues of adolescence, and as a thoughtful, richly informed examination of the dilemmas these girls face, this readable and revealing book begins the critical work of understanding the sexuality of young women in all its personal, social, and emotional significance.

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Disarming Manhood
Roots of Ethical Resistance
David A.J. Richards
Ohio University Press, 2005
Masculine codes of honor and dominance often are expressed in acts of violence, including war and terrorism. In Disarming Manhood: Roots of Ethical Resistance, David A.J. Richards examines the lives of five famous men—great leaders and crusaders—who actively resisted violence and presented their causes with more humane alternatives.Richards argues that Winston Churchill, William Lloyd Garrison, Mohandas Gandhi, Martin Luther King, and Leo Tolstoy shared a psychology whose nonviolent roots were deeply influenced by a loving, maternalistic ethos deeply influenced by the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. Drawing upon psychology, history, political theory, and literature, Richards threads a connection between these leaders and the maternal figures who profoundly shaped their responses to conflict. Their lives and work underscore how the outlook of maternal care givers and women enables some men to resist the violent responses characteristic of traditional manhood. The voice of nonviolent masculinity has empowered important democratic movements of ethical transformation, including civil disobedience in South Africa, India, and the United States. Disarming Manhood demonstrates that as Churchill, Garrison, Gandhi, King, and Tolstoy carried out their various missions they were galvanized by teachings whose ethical foundations rejected unjust violence and favored peaceful alternatives. Accessibly written and free of jargon, Disarming Manhood's exploration of human nature and maternal bonds will interest a wide audience as it furthers the understanding of human nature itself and contributes to the fields of developmental psychology and feminist scholarship.
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