Loving Literature A Cultural History
by Deidre Shauna Lynch
University of Chicago Press, 2014
Cloth: 978-0-226-18370-1 | Paper: 978-0-226-59839-0 | Electronic: 978-0-226-18384-8
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226183848.001.0001
ABOUT THIS BOOKAUTHOR BIOGRAPHYREVIEWSTABLE OF CONTENTS

ABOUT THIS BOOK

One of the most common—and wounding—misconceptions about literary scholars today is that they simply don’t love books. While those actually working in literary studies can easily refute this claim, such a response risks obscuring a more fundamental question: why should they?

That question led Deidre Shauna Lynch into the historical and cultural investigation of Loving Literature. How did it come to be that professional literary scholars are expected not just to study, but to love literature, and to inculcate that love in generations of students? What Lynch discovers is that books, and the attachments we form to them, have played a vital role in the formation of private life—that the love of literature, in other words, is deeply embedded in the history of literature. Yet at the same time, our love is neither self-evident nor ahistorical: our views of books as objects of affection have clear roots in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century publishing, reading habits, and domestic history.

While never denying the very real feelings that warm our relationship to books, Loving Literature nonetheless serves as a riposte to those who use the phrase “the love of literature” as if its meaning were transparent. Lynch writes, “It is as if those on the side of love of literature had forgotten what literary texts themselves say about love’s edginess and complexities.” With this masterly volume, Lynch restores those edges and allows us to revel in those complexities.

AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY

Deidre Shauna Lynch is professor of English at Harvard University and the Chancellor Jackman Professor of English at the University of Toronto. She is the author of The Economy of Character: Novels, Market Culture, and the Business of Inner Meaning, also published by the University of Chicago Press.

REVIEWS

"A groundbreaking examination of literary affections. Coming at a moment when the field of literary studies is in crisis, in danger of losing its legitimacy, this account of our emotional commitment to books is especially important. . . . At every point, the author’s own scholarly acumen and love of literature are clearly on display. She demonstrates, even as she reasons, that professional literary scholars can dispassionately and critically analyse the texts they love and intimately experience.”
— Times Higher Education

Loving Literature combines dry wit with polemical rigor. More fundamentally, the book enacts what it describes: Lynch’s critical distance from the love of literature does not prevent her from conveying her own infectious engagement with the texts that she analyzes. One comes away feeling not that she has debunked the literary-critical enterprise, but that she has reinvigorated it.”
— Leah Price, Harvard University

“A major work by a major scholar. This is truly an eagerly awaited book. Needless to say, Lynch writes not as some kind of skeptical outsider, but as a ‘lover of literature’ who seeks to understand why we professionally take all this so personally. The book will be much read and talked about across all fields of literary scholarship and beyond: a book about the love of literature is sure to attract the attention of a broad band of literature lovers both inside and outside the academy.”
— Adela Pinch, University of Michigan

Loving Literature is a revelatory achievement, a major work that showcases cultural history at its very finest, combining high scholarship with democratic inclusiveness, infectious enthusiasm, and clarity of style. Lynch argues that the emergence of ‘literature’ in its modern sense in the Romantic period involved a structural transformation of the relation between work and reader, in which literature became the domain of a new affective intimacy at the core of private life. Written with verve and eloquence, Loving Literature is at every point alive, imaginatively attuned to its theme. Here is a critic whose own love of literature, far from softening her critical acumen, endows it with sympathetic force.”
— Ian Duncan, University of California, Berkeley

“Where does the love of literature come from? And why is it so often unfairly maligned or absurdly idealized? In this fascinating account, Lynch delves into the history of literary appreciation and affection. Professional rigor, it turns out, is not so very far removed from amateur love; analysis and attachment are closely intertwined. At a moment when literary studies is reflecting anew on its defining purpose, this is a very timely and important book.”
— Rita Felski, University of Virginia

"Reading Loving Literature, I couldn’t help but see the romance that Lynch describes everywhere—from my local bookstore, where one can buy a tote bag with the likeness of Virginia Woolf or George Orwell, to the inevitable instances in which dead writers betray their present-day devotees."
— Joshua Rothman, New Yorker

“An enthralling account of the complex relationship between reading and feeling. . . . By the end of Deidre Shauna Lynch’s wonderful study, one is left less with a definitive sense of ‘why’ we love literature (let alone why we should or shouldn’t) than with these long-lasting flashes of illumination. They are what make this book easy to love, like the best kind of literary history.”
— Times Literary Supplement

“One welcome feature of Lynch’s book is that it highlights the ways in which our feelings about literature can inform intellectual choices that are typically justified on epistemological grounds.”
— Chronicle of Higher Education

“[Lynch’s] investigation into the way late-18th- and early 19th-century readers felt and expressed their love of books is beautifully focused. . . . Like so many great arguments—Said’s on Orientalism, Anderson’s on the Nation, Butler’s on Performativity—, Lynch’s argument will be loved because it speaks both to and for us, of things we already knew but in terms that are historically astute.”
— Los Angeles Review of Books

“A wide-ranging study. . . . The book is strongest in its detailed examination of understudied figures . . . and its sensitivity to the social forces that shape reader responses. . . . Advanced scholars will benefit from Lynch’s unknotting of intertwined public and private histories of earlier readers and scholars—a subject of relevance in the current climate, in which it seems increasingly untenable to make one’s living by loving literature. Highly recommended.”
— Choice

“The book takes a quick first step, to the idea that perhaps reinstating an explicit, committed, but thoughtful love of literature would inspire those involved, and communicate the necessity of the subject better. Rather than pausing on this, however, it then moves on to its real issue: that loving literature is not, and has never been, a simple or unifying thing. The subsequent exploration, of the love of literature in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, is consistently engaging and insightful. The indirect approach to criticism’s modern predicament proves rewarding.”
— Cambridge Quarterly

“Readers’ intimate, often perverse, relations with books are given magisterial treatment. . . . On the one hand, Loving Literature is on the leading edge of research into book history, antiquarianism, canon formation, and reading practice. On the other, it is also deeply situated in the study of affect, attachment, gender, sexuality, perversion, and mourning. . . . Puts forward a whole new set of concerns and a whole new cast of characters for telling the story of what we do.”
— SEL Studies in English Literature 1500-1900

Loving Literature is a fascinating cultural history. . . . The writing is forceful, witty, and often breezy in a way that suggests the author's tremendous mastery over and comfort with the material. The book is an important corrective to the many scholarly books in recent years that have ignored the importance of affect in the history of literary studies.”
— New Books on Literature 19

“Wonderfully engaging. . . . This book ranges widely over an astounding amount of material but without dropping the thread of its carefully plotted argument. At the same time, Lynch’s terrific eye for the curious, humorous but revelatory detail—a zany, giveaway turn of phrase in an author’s writing, say—is one source of this study’s bookish pleasures: such enlivening details testify to the attentive, affectionate, but skeptical reading she models.”
— European Romantic Review

“A rich and lively cultural history. . . . Lynch contributes a welcome new affective dimension to now-familiar economic and sociological narratives of the emergence of ‘Literature’ as a distinct category of writing—of canon formation, cultural capital, marketplaces, and mass production.”
— Modern Language Quarterly

"Though Lynch’s central thesis lends itself to ready summary, the course of her argument is nuanced, subtle, and richly textured by engagement with both recent scholarship and the material archive of the Romantic era."
— College Literature

"Lynch, for example, is a beautiful writer whose style is elegant and satisfyingly dense; Loving Literature is a pleasure to read as a properly scholarly book in an age when the learned style is all too vulnerable to ridicule both inside and outside our professional circle."
— American Literary History

“To read Lynch. . .is to be among friends. These, however, are not simply historical anecdotes told to help some of us feel less alone in our idiosyncratic love of books and objects of art. Such tales can also be catalysts for discovering or rediscovering what it is like to feel passion for certain works of art and literature.”
— Common Knowledge

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Illustrations

- Deidre Shauna Lynch
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226183848.003.0001
[discipline, amateurs, professorate, love, work, legitimacy crisis, sensibility]
This introduction proposes that the discipline of English transgresses the norms of publicness and impersonality that govern other knowledge-producing occupations. English, it contends, has long been defined by its eccentric relationship to conventional schemes for segregating home life from professional, working life and feeling from knowing. Such boundary confusions are especially apparent when one considers how often contemporary media coverage of university English studies proceeds as though it were a given that the state of English professors’ hearts should be a matter of public concern: that the professorate does not love literature enough (or love as much as amateurs do) has long been a recurring complaint, contributing to the legitimacy crisis assailing the discipline at present. Previewing the chapters to come, this introduction traces these intimacy expectations to the late-eighteenth century moment when literature, shaped by the imperatives of a culture of sensibility, first began to take on its modern meaning. (pages 1 - 18)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

Part 1. Choosing an Author as You Choose a Friend

- Deidre Shauna Lynch
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226183848.003.0002
[gratitude, miscellanies, biography, Samuel Johnson, Anna Seward, gender]
After surveying early-eighteenth-century poetic miscellanies that--thanks to their topical organization--disappoint our expectation that aesthetic experience should be a scene of personal congress, this chapter investigates the efflorescence of biographical writing that in the later century served to tie poetry more firmly to poets. Under its influence, and in the wake of contemporary copyright decisions, literary reading became subject to new expectations of affective obligation. Readers were expected to be grateful for the gifts of the poets. This chapter recovers in the career of the critic and biographer Samuel Johnson signs of a resistance to such expectations. It then turns to Johnson’s contemporary, Anna Seward, who by contrast embraced whole-heartedly the role of lover of literature while she condemned the ingratitude toward the poets betrayed in Johnson’s Lives of the Poets. Through the pairing of Johnson and Seward, this chapter investigates the gendering of literary appreciation then and now. (pages 21 - 62)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

Part 2. Possessive Love

- Deidre Shauna Lynch
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226183848.003.0003
[Thomas Warton, possessive love, romance, bookishness, historicism, medieval, secret societies, Oxford, library]
This chapter centers on the bookishness of Thomas Warton, pioneering author of the first narrative History of English Poetry. It moves from Warton’s intellectual engagement with medieval romance--a kind of writing that, paradoxically, was famed for sidelining the claims of the intellect in favor of those of the heart--to Warton’s book-collecting, and then to the secret poetry societies that were mainstays of Oxford club culture during his lifetime. Warton’s career reveals how the professionalization of literary study went hand in hand with its personalization. He linked literary knowledge in new ways to the academy and to specialist expertise and public service. At the same time, his engagement with the long forgotten, recondite materials of what Alexander Pope had called the “gothic library” looked to contemporaries like a form of possessive love, as though Warton had simultaneously contrived to remake literary study as an arena for private gratification. (pages 65 - 102)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

- Deidre Shauna Lynch
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226183848.003.0004
[collectors, bibliomania, essay, domestic privacy, romanticism, Leigh Hunt, Charles Lamb, Thomas De Quincey, print culture, scrapbooks]
This chapter reconstructs the early-nineteenth-century episode in the history of book-selling dubbed “the bibliomania”--the frenzied pursuit by affluent collectors of rare books from the dawn of printing--and the equivocal response to this obsession made by Charles Lamb, Leigh Hunt, and Thomas De Quincey. Those essayists presented themselves as lovers of literature, not of books, and helped orient romanticism toward an idealism that dissociates meaning from materiality. Yet the essayists also capitalized on the bibliomaniacs’ ways of navigating the paradoxes of a literary culture that had come to associate literature both with intimacy and subjectivity, and with an impersonal print culture. The chapter thus attends to how collecting could delimit a space of domestic privacy--as Hunt suggests when he describes himself as “wedded” to his books. It concludes with an archive of home-made literary scrapbooks, a forum in which romantic-period women managed to step forward as collectors. (pages 103 - 144)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

Part 3. English Literature for Everyday Use

- Deidre Shauna Lynch
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226183848.003.0005
[almanacs, anthologies, meter, novels, Jane Austen, repetition, health, associationist psychology, rereading, everyday life]
This chapter tracks the efforts that critics, readers, anthologists, and publishers of almanacs made in the early-nineteenth century to incorporate aesthetic experiences into the continuum of everyday life, a time frame increasingly conceptualized as affection’s true home. Considering the alliances forged at this time between literature and discourses on health and domestic timetabling, it describes how the lover of literature came to be privileged as someone who was able in her reading life to “go steady” and who was prepared for married life accordingly. After discussing the accounts of the pleasures of poetic meter produced by the era’s associationist psychology--which centered on the human nervous system’s propensity for rhythm and repetition--the chapter outlines how later in the century, novels, Jane Austen’s especially, would absorb some of the therapeutic functions previously ascribed to poetry. Novels became loveable, literary, and healthy in measure as they became perennially rereadable. (pages 147 - 192)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

Part 4. Dead Poets Societies

- Deidre Shauna Lynch
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226183848.003.0006
[Ann Radcliffe, apparition, gothic, quotation, haunting, canonicity, heritage, nation, Shakespeare]
This chapter considers the quotation compulsion of the romantic-period gothic novel, interpreting it as a manifestation of the ambivalent canon-love of a fictional mode that knew itself to be sub-canonical. Adorned with chapter epigraphs citing Shakespeare, Milton, and others, and modelling through their heroines lessons in literary appreciation, the gothic novels of Ann Radcliffe and her many imitators resembled the canon-forming, nation-building historical anthologies with which they were contemporary. They should be considered an equally important institution of literary transmission, likewise serving to provide the reader access to the heritage that was hers as a member of the reading nation. But while portraying reading as an experience of haunting and assimilating encounters with poetry in particular to encounters with apparitions, gothic novels also brought to view the dark side to reverence for the literature of the dead and to the arrangement that made writing’s pastness crucial to its canonicity. (pages 195 - 234)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

- Deidre Shauna Lynch
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226183848.003.0007
[James Boswell, Samuel Johnson, Thomas De Quincey, William Wordsworth, ghost, mourning, photography, death]
To contextualize current laments over the death of literature and to explore literary studies’ longstanding investment in mournful feelings and tales of loss, this chapter returns to the canon-making projects treated in earlier chapters and explores their emotional fall-out. Those projects effectually made literature into a cultural space of posthumousness; they installed the barrier of death between dead poets and living readers. The chapter engages next with James Boswell’s Life of Johnson and Thomas De Quincey’s reminiscences of William Wordsworth, and considers these biographers’ proclivity for representing the authors who are their subjects not simply as their intimates but also as ghostly inhabitants of the afterlife. It concludes with Victorian editions of the romantic poets that ornamented the poetry with photographic illustrations that resemble the spirit photographs of the later nineteenth century. Identified as the most up-to-date technology, photography also serves within this volume to intimate poetry’s obsolescence and imminent extinction. (pages 235 - 276)
This chapter is available at:
    https://academic.oup.com/chica...

Acknowledgments

Notes

Index