In Against Exclusion, Audrey Wu Clark dramatically reframes Asian American resistance via the lives of five early Chinese American public figures. In contrast to later activists who sought to defy stereotypes, Ah Toy, Mary Tape, Wong Chin Foo, Yan Phou Lee, and Yung Wing deployed the model minority and yellow peril tropes to make themselves visible during a period of rampant anti-Chinese violence and legal exclusion. In making themselves visible, they sought to expose and dismantle the contradictory exceptionalism of nineteenth-century US liberalism that both required and “disavowed” the deaths of Chinese Americans.

In examining these figures and the ways in which they fought their exclusion as Chinese Americans—via court cases, autobiographical writings, journalism, and other forms of activism—Clark contributes to prevailing scholarly conversations about stereotypes of Asian Americans but contextualizes them in the nineteenth century. She traces the twinned emergences of the model minority and the yellow peril, excavating the exceptionalism with which Chinese Americans were racialized and subject to death—whether by lynching, other forms of driving out, or loss of citizenship or rights—and mapping its reverberations into the present day. 

Introduction “Violence and the Sacred”
Chapter 1 Ah Toy and Mary Tape: Legal Exceptionalism and Early Chinese American Women’s Voices
Chapter 2 Wong Chin Foo: The Excessive Making and Remaking of a Heathen Protofeminist
Chapter 3 Trauma and Activism: Yan Phou Lee Writes Back
Chapter 4 Yung Wing: Exceptional Minority Discourse in the Plague Era
Conclusion The Enfleshed Exceptions